Landmark U.S. farm bills and other significant legislation passed by the U.S. Congress since the late 19th century has shaped the history of NIFA and its predecessor agencies. The agency’s history is largely tied to the establishment of land-grant institutions and delivery of cooperative extension services.
Morrill Acts, 1862 and 1890
The Morrill Act of 1862 created land-grant institutions so that working class citizens could have equal access to higher education with a focus on farming and mechanical skills. Subsequently the Morrill Act of 1890 established the 1890 and 1994 land-grant institutions to address educational inequality among African Americans and Native Americans.
Hatch Act, 1887
NIFA’s roots go back to 1888, a year after the Hatch Act authorized strengthening the capacity of land-grant universities to research agricultural problems faced by rural citizens.The Act funded land-grant colleges in order to create a series ofa*gricultural experiment stations, laying a foundation for the cooperative extension services created by the 1914 Smith Lever Act Extension Act.To support and finance this mission, USDA established the earliest predecessor to NIFA — the Office of Experiment Stations.
Smith-Lever Act of 1914
The 1914 Smith Lever Act Extension created a Cooperative Extension Service associated with each land-grant institution. This partnership between agricultural colleges and USDA enables the dissemination of information produced by the experiment stations’ research.
Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994
Prior to the Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994, agencies that preceded NIFA were largely established as a result of Executive Orders or directives from the Secretary of Agriculture.
The Department of Agriculture Reorganization Act of 1994 merged the former Cooperative State Research Service and the former Extension Service into a single agency — the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service.The merger made a single agency responsible for allocating funds and providing leadership of research, education and extension.
Food Conservation and Energy Act of 2008 (the 2008 Farm Bill)
The 2008 Farm Bill established NIFA to take the place of the Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service. NIFA is responding to changing times and landscapes, addressing 21st century challenges such as food security, climate change, natural resource and environmental sustainability, bioenergy, childhood obesity prevention, and food safety.
FAQs
Find activity
Go to your Google Account. On the left navigation panel, click Data & privacy. Under "History settings," click My Activity.
How can I see my activity history? ›
Require an extra step to view your full history on My Activity
- On your Android phone or tablet, go to myactivity.google.com.
- Above your activity, select Manage My Activity Verification.
- Turn Extra Verification on or off.
History is the study of life in society in the past, in all its aspect, in relation to present developments and future hopes. It is the story of man in time, an inquiry into the past based on evidence. Indeed, evidence is the raw material of history teaching and learning.
What is history in your own words? ›
History is the study of the past that helps us understand our heritage, society, learn from past mistakes, and predict the future. History is the recording of past events and facts, aiming to provide a truthful account of what happened in the past.
Can I see my browsing history? ›
On your computer, open Chrome. In the address bar, enter @history . in the suggestions. Enter keywords for the page you previously visited.
How do I open my history? ›
What your History lists
- On your Android phone or tablet, open the Chrome app .
- At the top right, tap More. History. If your address bar is at the bottom, swipe up on the address bar. Tap History .
- To visit a site, tap the entry. To open the site in a new tab, touch and hold the entry. At the top right, tap More.
Go to Google's My Activity page (make sure you're logged into your Google account). Click the Delete button below the “Search your activity” field. Choose the time period you'd like to delete your data. All time will delete all your Google history.
How to clear search history? ›
Manage Search history saved to your Google Account
- On your computer, go to your Search history in My Activity.
- Choose the Search history you want to delete. You can choose: All your Search history: Above your history, click Delete. Delete all time. A specific time period: Above your history, click Delete.
Herodotus has been called the “father of history.” An engaging narrator with a deep interest in the customs of the people he described, he remains the leading source of original historical information not only for Greece between 550 and 479 BCE but also for much of western Asia and Egypt at that time.
How do we know history is true? ›
Finding truth in history is about understanding that this truth is not absolute. In this sense, truth is based on perspective. The perspective of the person who captured it and the person interpreting it. And the perspective of the translators and editors and primary sources.
History is the study of the past – specifically the people, societies, events and problems of the past – as well as our attempts to understand them. It is a pursuit common to all human societies.
Does history repeat itself? ›
History doesn't repeat itself, but it does rhyme. (Quote source confused). Things do not repeat, but history is made by humans, and their are patterns in human behaviour that produce similar actions and similar outcomes in similar circ*mstances.
Why is history called history? ›
The short version is that the term history has evolved from an ancient Greek verb that means “to know,” says the Oxford English Dictionary's Philip Durkin. The Greek word historia originally meant inquiry, the act of seeking knowledge, as well as the knowledge that results from inquiry.
How do I open my full search history? ›
What your History lists
- On your computer, open Chrome.
- At the top right, click More .
- Click History. History.
It's your Google Activity (formerly known as Google Web & App History) and, unless you've deleted your search history, it knows everything you've searched for dating back to 2005.
How do I retrieve old Google history? ›
Let's see how to recover deleted Chrome history via Google History.
- Search Google History.
- Click Welcome to My Activity - Google.
- Sign in to your Google account.
- All of your browser/internet history files will be displayed along with the date/time.
- Browse your history as needed.
Your Search history is saved to your Google Account as part of your Web & App Activity, along with activity from other Google services.
