Like a plant seed, a mushroom spore germinates (sprouts) when the environmental conditions are right. Usually, this involves high humidity, plus a favourable temperature for that particular species.
When the spore germinates, a strand of mycelium emerges from it. The strands of mycelium spreads through a substrate, gathering water and nutrients, to be able to produce fruiting bodies (mushrooms).
COLONISATION
This process of mycelium spreading through a substrate is called colonisation.
Mycelium slowly spreads through its substrate, trying to colonise as much area as possible. The more substrate that a single body of mycelium has colonised, the greater its access to nutrients, and therefore the greater its capacity to produce lots and lots of fruiting bodies (mushrooms) to continue to produce spores and procreate.
Once the body of mycelium has gained access to enough nutrients, certain environmental conditions will trigger the formation of fruiting bodies, better known as mushrooms.
These environmental conditions vary from species to species, but commonly involve high humidity and a slight drop in temperature, which is one reason why mushrooms are the most abundant in autumn.
The first stage of a mushroom fruit body is called a hyphal knot. This is when the individual strands of hyphae bundle together and prepare to grow a mushroom.
From there, a small cluster of visible bumps form on the surface of the mycelium. As they grow, they begin to look like miniature mushrooms just a few millimetres in size, known as primordia. These are commonly called ‘pins’ in the cultivation world.
From this point, provided humidity and temperatures remain favourable, the pins continue to grow into full size mushrooms. Depending on temperatures, and the individual species, this process of a pin growing into a full size mushroom can take anywhere between twodays to a week or longer.
There are four basic stages to the life cycle of a mushroom: Spore germination, colonisation, fruiting
fruiting
The sporocarp (also known as fruiting body, fruit body or fruitbody) of fungi is a multicellular structure on which spore-producing structures, such as basidia or asci, are borne.
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Sporocarp_(fungus)
, and sporulation. The process is easy to understand if you look at it one step at a time. This process of mycelium spreading through a substrate is called colonisation.
Most fungi produce ephemeral fruiting bodies that can be observed only for a few days each year, which makes phenological data difficult and time-consuming to obtain. However, because of the short endurance of the fruiting bodies, collection time is a good estimate of fruiting time.
Primordial initiation is the growth of tiny mushroom fruiting bodies with a size of about 0.01 mm. They start developing soon after the completion of spawn running.
White gills often signify a poisonous type. Flip the cap over to examine its underside — you'll find long ribs or a series of holes. Those are the gills. If they're white, and you don't know the variety of mushroom with certainty, leave it.
This is the stage where the mushrooms start to fruit. It's called pinning because the little mushrooms sometimes look like little pinheads (called a pin set). Although, Oyster mushrooms often just looks like a blob (especially the pinks. At his stage, it's essential to crank up the humidity.
Under favourable environmental conditions, fungal spores germinate and form hyphae. During this process, the spore absorbs water through its wall, the cytoplasm becomes activated, nuclear division takes place, and more cytoplasm is synthesized. The wall initially grows as a spherical structure.
Fungal life cycles are unique and complex. Fungi reproduce sexually either through cross- or self-fertilization. Haploid fungi form hyphae that have gametes at the tips. Two different mating types (represented as “+ type” and “– type”) are involved.
Many experts favor using the fruiting bodies instead of mycelium due to research showing higher concentrations of bioactive compounds, such as beta-glucans and triterpenes, in the fruiting bodies. 18. , "Hericenones and erinacines: stimulators of nerve growth factor (NGF) biosynthesis in Hericium erinaceus.
Mushrooms don't have roots, they have hyphae which are very thin filaments composed of strands of single cells and as such they are practically impossible to take apart from the soil (or other medium) they grow in.
The mushroom will may fruit 2-3 more times. The mycelium need more food to keep growing. You can use lo-tek methods to feed the mycelium with straw or wood chips but once temperatures get dry and above 80°, the mushrooms will stop growing.
Only 2 percent of species have been identified, and their delicate nature means fossils are extremely rare and difficult to discern from other microorganisms. Until now, the oldest confirmed mushroom fossil was 460 million years old.
Two amber-preserved specimens provide evidence that the earliest known mushroom-forming fungi (the extinct species Archaeomarasmius legletti) appeared during the mid-Cretaceous, 90 Ma.
Ancient Chinese texts refer to the mushroom as an elixir of immortality, and note secret locations where the fungus was thought to grow. Healers believed that the reishi mushroom had potent anti-aging properties, and it has long been used as a talisman of luck, healing, and wellness in Chinese culture.
Starting from broader categories like Kingdom and Phylum, it narrows down to specific species. For fungi, this classification goes as follows: Kingdom > Phylum (or Division) > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species. Each step offers more specificity.
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